Besan, also known as gram flour or chickpea flour, is a pulse flour made from ground chickpeas (chana dal or split Bengal gram). It is a staple ingredient in the cuisines of the Indian subcontinent and is naturally gluten-free, high in protein, and rich in fiber. It has an earthy aroma and nutty flavor, making it a versatile ingredient for preparing a variety of savory and sweet dishes, including fritters (pakoras), curries, sweets like laddoo, and flatbreads.